![]() ![]() ![]() 2010 Pettersson and Schmöcker 20 Van den Berg et al. 2001 Banister and Bowling 2004 Kim and Ulfarsson 2004 Páez et al. Research gapsįirst, while a plethora of studies have investigated the socio-demographic, built environmental, and travel factors influencing this age group’s travel behavior and transport mode choices (e.g. travel factors, sociodemographic, built environmental, and latent psycho-social factors) affecting this age group’s travel behavior and more specifically their mode choice, a number of conceptual and methodological shortcomings still exist in the literature. Although progress has been made in understanding different sets of factors (e.g. Consequently, research on travel behavior of the older population has grown to inform policy (Mercado et al. Substantial policy movements to make these societal challenges recognized in the national agenda have occurred in Europe and North America (Mercado et al. Oxley and Whelan 2008 Kemperman and Timmermans 2014 Böcker et al. This overreliance on automobile has negative impacts on the society not only in terms of the resulting environmental pollution and congestion (Banister and Bowling 2004), but also the effects on health and wellbeing of this vulnerable age group (e.g. Older adults constitute the fastest growing segment of the driving population, both in terms of license rates and kilometers travelled (Nakanishi and Black 2015 Böcker et al. It is well documented in the literature that aging has significant consequences for the transport sector (e.g. With fast growth of older adults in Europe (European Commission 2014) and worldwide (United Nations 2002), research on travel behavior of this age group has increased in the last couple of decades. Findings of this study can guide policies aiming to increase the use of more sustainable modes among this age group. Results indicate the priority of the use of activity space and hybrid choice models in understanding travel behavior. Three personal goals of being physically active, having cultural and social affairs, and caring for others influenced mode choice. Green space influenced the goal of being physically active which in turn affected mode choice. ![]() The shape and dispersion of activity spaces affected mode choice as well. A positive effect on transit use or biking was found in individual home range and 500-m buffer. Walkability index showed a positive significant effect on walking trips in individualized residential exposure model. Although the use of activity space models did not significantly increase the fit of ICLV models, it provided different information. Integrated Choice and Latent Variable (ICLV) models were utilized to explore modal choice. ![]() Two person-based activity space models were developed, in addition to the commonly used 500-m buffer, to measure activity space and built environmental attributes. Data was collected using an online map-based survey. This study contributes to the literature by providing an integrated analysis of the effects of sociodemographic, built environmental, psycho-social, trip, and activity space attributes on shopping trip mode choice of older adults in Helsinki Metropolitan Area. Rapid growth of the older population worldwide, coupled with their overreliance on automobile and its negative consequences for the environment and for their wellbeing, has encouraged research on travel behavior of this age group. ![]()
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